http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/contents.htm#langa
Tuesday, 13 October 2015
Link to AQA English Language
http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/english/as-and-a-level/english-language-7701-7702/assessment-resources
Link to AQA English Language Sample papers and mark schemes
Link to AQA English Language Sample papers and mark schemes
Spoken Language exercise
"In pairs write mini-scripts for the following situations. Be aware of the degrees of formality and / or difficulty depending on the context. You can include gestures and hesitations in your scripts"
Telephoning to ask for an application form for a job.
Maxim of relevance- communication, doesn’t go off topic
Not as direct,
Positive face, ‘I was just wondering..’ and politeness, ‘please’ ‘thank you’
Non-fluency features- ‘um’ fillers, hesitation, nervous.
Agreement- ‘yeah, sure’
Paralinguistic features- nervous laughter
Adjacency pairs and preferred responses.
Direct address terms by name.
Telephoning a friend to arrange to go out together.
Rising intonation- “hello?”
Informal register
Non-fluency features- pauses, fillers suggests nervous
Voiced pauses
Adjacency pairs
Elision- “wanna”
Maxim of quantity flouted- short utterances, awkward
Phatic talk
Discourse marker
Asking a stranger to give you directions.
Positive face needs-Stranger is being polite
Paralinguistic features
Preferred response-Stranger answers by giving directions
Adjacency pairs
Quality Maxim-Stranger gives true directions
Informal register-“Mate”
Dialect-Bristolian-“Cribbs”
Direct-“Oi mate”
Stranger adapts his language to the drivers language
Giving directions to someone who does not understand English well.
Maxim of quantity.
Direct- One word utterance.
Deixis- Paralinguistic features.
Rising intonation to signify question
Fillers/pauses-stilted- corrupt Grice’s Maxims.
Explaining to a police officer why you were doing 45 mph in a 30 mph zone.
Formal register – police officer has authority, influential power
Non-fluency features – hedges and pauses
Implied that the police officer is not charging him
‘So’ is a discourse marker
‘Sir’ appropriate address terms
Avoiding eye contact – paralinguistic features
Telling a parent that you are pregnant (you’re not married or in a stable relationship) or that your girlfriend is pregnant.
Address terms – ‘darling’ to ‘young lady’
Phatic talk – adjacency pairs, preferred response, avoids intended conversation
Non-fluency features – hesitations, fillers, pauses, reluctant to speak
Paralinguistic features – nervous laughter
Interruption – dispreferred response
Grice’s maxim of quantity – parent talks a lot more than the daughter
Grice’s maxim of manner – flouted by mother who asks a series of questions, interrogative syntax
Tuesday, 6 October 2015
Spontaneous Speech Terminology Quiz
1. 'A pattern of speech in which one utterance is followed by an appropriate linked response' - is a definition of the term
Adjacency Pair
2. 'Side sequencing' is
when a conversation comes to an unexpected halt and changes topic
3. Give an example of a tag question
'It's fun in here, isn't it?'
4. Give 3 examples of non fluency features
Hesitations, repetitions, false starts
5. Explain the term 'phatic language' and give 2 examples
Phatic language is essentially 'small talk'. For example "Hi how are you?" and "The weather is bad today isn't it?"
6. Non verbal aspects of speech or paralinguistic features such as fillers can help reveal a speakers attitudes and feelings. Name 2 other non verbal aspects of speech
Body language and tone of voice
7. 'elp me orf this 'orse' is an example of phonetic spelling which means the spelling of words to represent how they are pronounced.
8. List Grice's maxims and what each one refers to -
Quantity - too much/little
Quality - truth
Relevance - on topic?
Manner - clear communication
9. Grice was interested in suggesting what helps to create a flowing/cooperative conversation.
10. When analysing spontaneous speech we do not refer to 'sentences' but utterances.
11. 4 politeness strategies -
Intensify interest
Seek agreement
Exaggeration
Positive face
12. In order to analyse a transcript what 3 things must you establish an awareness of from the outset?
Location, age and gender
Features of Spoken Language test
"Three men in a pub" and "Goin' to the party" are examples of - ellipsis
"er", "um", "you know" are examples of - fillers
"Idiolect" is - an individually distinctive style of speaking
"sort of", "like", "and so on" are examples of - voiced pauses
"Back-channeling" is - listener feedback signalling support/understanding
"Deixis" is - word which point to something outside the text. E.g. paralinguistic features
Pitch, pase, stress and rhythm are examples of - prosodic features
"gonna", "gimme" and "loadsa" are examples of - elision
"We was going down the road" and "He didn't know nothing" are examples of - non standard grammar
Hesitation, repetition, false starts are examples of - non fluency features
Question-answer and greeting-return are examples of - adjacency pairs
Phatic talk is - small talk (social gel)
"It's ok here isn't it?" is an example of - tag questions
Gestures and facial expressions are examples of - paralinguistic features
"Anyway", "so" and "next thing" are likely to be examples of - discourse markers
Pragmatics is the study of - what a speaker means rather than simply the words they say
Rather than use 'sentence' we should say - utterance
RSA Animate - Language as a window onto human nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-son3EJTrU
Steven Pinker talks about -
Steven Pinker talks about -
Summary -
- Indirect speech acts as inferring real intent
- Imperative syntax (command)
- Communality
- Explicit language creates mutual knowledge
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