Frameworks

Phonetics, Phonology and Prosodics

•  Onomatopoeia and alliteration
•  How speech sounds
•  How effects articulated and analysed

Graphology

•  How the design of a text can contribute to meaning
•  Visual aspects of textual design and appearance
•  Certain colours/fonts/emojis
•  Technology (editorial influence)

Lexis and Semantics

• Vocabulary of English
• Words and meanings

Grammar (including morphology)

•  Structural patterns and shapes of English at sentence, clause, phrase and word

Pragmatics

•  Contextual aspects of language use (context/meaning)

Discourse

•  Communication occurring in different genres, modes and contexts
•  How longer stretches of text are organised (cohesion - how it holds together)
•  The way texts create identities for particular individuals, groups or institutions. E.g. The discourse of law, politics and the media

Register

• How language varies in relation to audience, purpose and context. E.g. a formal letter uses a different register to one written to a friend

Mode

• How language may vary according to the channel of communication (speech, writing and mixed modes) e.g. how you would write something down as a message would be different from how you would pass it on orally

Idiolect

• The unique way one person expresses themselves due to their personality, belief systems, social experience etc

Sociolect

• The way of expressing themselves that a social group have in common. E.g. we could generalise the way teenagers speak, aristocrats speak, students speak etc

Dialect

• The variation in word choice and grammatical structure due to where someone lives. E.g. "cheers drive" is a Bristolian saying